Question 2 : How do the Kojiki and Nihongi reflect early Japanese society and culture?
Answer: I found my answer on page 157 under the heading "Mythical Histories". The Kojiki and Nihongi are some of the first written Japanese records, but the author cautions that they "are not reliable or even consistent regarding this early period" (157). Kojiki translates to record of ancient matters and Nihongi, or Nihon Shoki, and Nihon is the Japanese word for their country. At the time these were written, Japan was adopting a style of literate civilization similar to China. Various myths comprised these records to give the ruling family a legitimate history.
They reflect early Japanese society and culture by revealing the connections they had with Korea and their desire to adopt Chinese titles to legitimize ruling families. Myths mention symbols of imperial authority in Japan (a bronze medal, an iron sword, and a necklace made of curved jewel in the shape of bear claws) that were also found in Korean tombs from the early Silla date. An example of Chinese titles given to Japanese rulers is shown by Ninigi's grandson, the first "emperor", that was given the title Jimmu "Divine Warrior". Finally, the Kojiki claimed that a base was established in Korea by the priestess-queen Himiko. Women held high positions in Japanese culture before Confucianism gained popularity.
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